Ketones, and the science of testing them in humans
Buck Institute for Research on Aging · California
Levels of Longevity Map Brianna explores
Brianna Stubbs is one of 100+ experts in the Live Beyond Project — a father & son quest for longevity.
Discover Live Beyond →Brianna Stubbs is the scientist who takes longevity research out of the petri dish and puts it into people. Based at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging in California, she built the institute’s clinical-trial capacity almost from scratch — the recruitment, the protocols, the testing infrastructure — so that promising ideas from the lab bench can finally be tested in humans. Buck CEO Eric Verdin introduced her to us as “the superstar of the Buck.” She is also a two-time world-champion rower, which tells you something about how she works.
Her decade-long research subject is ketones. She likes to explain them simply: ketones are a small molecule your body makes in the liver from fat, an alternative fuel to sugar that your brain, heart and muscles burn readily. She and others learned to synthesise them into a drink — effectively a fourth macronutrient alongside carbs, fat and protein. A ketone drink is, in her words, a caffeine-free, sugar-free energy source that won’t spike your blood sugar or insulin: a cleaner replacement for the 3pm energy drink, and increasingly a metabolic tool for healthy aging.
What sets her apart is the rigour. A ketone drink replicates part of ketosis — the ketones in your blood — but it is emphatically “not a ketogenic diet in a pill.” She ran the field’s longest ketone study to date (twelve weeks, with no safety concerns), has five more trials in the pipeline, and is candid that good clinical research is as much logistics as science: ethics approval, recruitment, and keeping volunteers engaged. It is, she jokes, a bit like being “the Navy SEAL of science.” This data-driven, optimise-on-top-of-the-basics approach is exactly why she sits in Biohacking Upgrades.
And yet she keeps both feet on the ground. “I don’t believe in shortcuts,” she says — think of health as a pyramid and get the foundations right before tweaking the top. She still races (training for a 240-mile ultramarathon when we met), studies elite masters athletes to redefine what healthy aging can look like without the confounder of inactivity, and her advice to young people is disarmingly simple: sleep, exercise you actually enjoy, an 80/20 diet, and real, in-person connection.
We met Brianna at the Buck Institute in California in 2024 — the same afternoon we sat for two hours with Eric Verdin, who sent us her way as “the superstar of the Buck.” We spoke twice: once walking the grounds, once sitting down. What stayed with us was her mix of ambition and honesty — genuinely excited about ketones as a tool, and equally quick to say there are no shortcuts, that the foundations always come first.
“For most people, it only really matters when we can get it into people — so I built all of our infrastructure around running clinical trials in humans.”
— Brianna Stubbs, California
“Ketone drinks are a caffeine-free, sugar-free energy source for your body that won’t spike your sugar or your insulin — a powerful metabolic tool we can use strategically to help with healthy aging.”
Brianna Stubbs · the Buck InstituteKetones are a fourth macronutrient — we have carbs, fats, proteins, and ketones.
Brianna StubbsIt only really matters when we can get it into people. That’s what I built here — the capacity to run clinical trials.
Brianna StubbsI don’t believe in shortcuts. Get the foundations of the pyramid right, then tweak the top.
Brianna StubbsYou don’t have to make sacrifices — just easy decisions, earlier. It only gets harder to improve things the later you start.
Brianna StubbsThree things Brianna keeps coming back to.
A ketone drink is broken down and released into your bloodstream, where your brain, heart and muscles burn it avidly as fuel. It replicates part of ketosis — the ketones in your blood — without the diet, and won’t spike your sugar or insulin. A caffeine-free, sugar-free energy source, and a metabolic tool that early studies link to healthy aging.
“A sugar-free, caffeine-free energy source — that may be doing good things too.”
California · from the interviewWith her background as a two-time world-champion athlete, she doesn’t believe in shortcuts. Picture health as a pyramid: get every element of the foundation right — sleep, movement, food, connection — before you reach for the tools that fine-tune the very top. Ketones are an assist, not a substitute.
“It’s not a ketogenic diet in a pill.”
California · from the interviewStudy aging in sedentary people and you study aging confounded by inactivity. So she recruits very fit older adults — elite masters athletes — to reset the bar for what healthy aging can look like on a cellular level, and runs the samples fresh through the Buck’s labs. A rare chance to see aging through a genuinely healthy lens.
“Reset the bar for what healthy aging looks like.”
California · from the interviewBrianna Stubbs researches ketones and runs clinical trials at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging in California. This page shares the ideas from her Live Beyond interview.
The video interview is coming. Recorded interviews go live after the launch of the film & series Live Beyond.
Brianna Stubbs was filmed at the Buck Institute, California, 2024 — in two conversations, walking and sitting. Passages from those talks:
Brianna Stubbs“Whenever I give you a ketone drink, your body breaks it down and ketones are released into your bloodstream — especially to your brain, your heart and your muscles, which burn ketones really avidly. I like to say ketone drinks are a caffeine-free, sugar-free energy source that’s not going to spike your sugar or your insulin — a nice replacement for that 3pm sugary, caffeine-laden energy drink. We’re still doing the research on the long-term effects, but everything we know so far is really promising: these are powerful metabolic tools we can use strategically to help with healthy aging.”
Brianna Stubbs“There are scientists throughout the Buck doing fantastic stuff on the bench, really pushing the boundaries. But for me, and for most people, it only really matters when we can get it into people. So I built all of our infrastructure around recruitment and the capabilities for testing the things that relate to healthy aging. Last year we completed our very first clinical trial; this coming year we’ll be running five more.”
Brianna Stubbs“I’m the kind of person — especially with my background in sport, I’m a two-time world-champion athlete — I don’t really believe in shortcuts, period. If you think about health as a pyramid, you have to get all of the elements at the foundation right before you can tweak the things that get you to the very top. A ketone drink is an extra assist; it’s not a ketogenic diet in a pill.”
Brianna Stubbs“When we study aging in people who live a normal, sedentary life, we’re not really studying the true course of aging — it’s confounded by inactivity. So the premise of this study is to look at very, very fit older adults — elite masters athletes — and see whether that resets the bar for what healthy aging looks like on a cellular level, without the confounder of inactivity. Doing it here means the samples are completely fresh, going straight into the labs.”
Brianna Stubbs“Being eighty can mean running a mile every day and living independently — or being in a chair, on multiple medications. A lot of that is influenced by decisions you start making as a teenager. You don’t even have to make sacrifices, just easy decisions earlier that set you up. Get plenty of sleep; find exercise you actually enjoy and do it regularly, with some strength and mobility in there; eat by the 80/20 rule; and keep your social connection in person — that’s real, durable and fulfilling in a way I don’t think online can be.”
More passages from the full interview will be published here.
Brianna Stubbs sits in Biohacking Upgrades on the Longevity Map — ketones, and the science of testing them in humans. Explore the rest of the cast on the People page.
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